Concept of Curriculum

 

Concept of Curriculum

The word curriculum comes from the Latin word “currere”, which means to run a course.
In education, curriculum refers to the total learning experiences provided to students under the guidance of the school.

Definition



- Arthur Cunningham

Curriculum is not only the syllabus or textbook content. It includes:

  • Objectives of education

  • Subject matter (content)

  • Teaching-learning activities

  • Methods of teaching

  • Evaluation procedures

  • Co-curricular and life experiences



Curriculum in Social Science

Social Science curriculum includes subjects like:

  • History

  • Geography

  • Civics / Political Science

  • Economics

  • Sociology

Its purpose is to help students understand:

  • Society and social relationships

  • Citizenship and democracy

  • Culture and heritage

  • Environmental awareness

  • Social justice and equality


Functions Served by Curriculum — Social Science Perspective

1. Synthesis of Subject and Life

The curriculum should connect what is taught in the classroom with real life.

In Social Science:
Social Science studies society, people, environment, economy, and governance — all of which students experience daily.

Example:

  • Learning about local self-government through visits to the Panchayat office.

  • Studying monsoon and floods by relating Geography lessons to Kerala floods.

Result: 

Learning becomes meaningful, practical, and relevant.

2. Acquisition and Strengthening of Knowledge

The curriculum helps students gain and deepen knowledge systematically.

In Social Science:
Students gain understanding of history, geography, economics, and civics.

Example:

  • Learning causes and effects of the French Revolution.

  • Understanding population growth trends using census data.

Result: 

Builds informed and knowledgeable citizens.

3. Complete Development

Curriculum should promote intellectual, social, emotional, moral, and physical development.

In Social Science:
Encourages thinking, empathy, values, and social responsibility.

Example:

  • Debates improve thinking and communication skills.

  • Learning about human rights develops empathy and moral awareness.

Result: 

Students develop as balanced personalities, not just exam-oriented learners.

4. Development of Democratic Values

The curriculum helps students understand and practice democracy.

In Social Science:
Students learn about equality, justice, freedom, rights, and duties.

Example:

  • Mock elections in school.

  • Classroom discussions encouraging different opinions.

Result:

Prepares students to become responsible democratic citizens.


5. Satisfaction of the Educand’s Needs

Curriculum should address students’ interests, abilities, and future needs.

In Social Science:
Provides knowledge for life skills, careers, and civic life.

Example:

  • Teaching financial literacy in Economics.

  • Environmental education for sustainable living.

Result: 

Students feel motivated and learning becomes meaningful.


6. Realization of Values

Curriculum helps in developing moral and social values.

In Social Science:
Promotes justice, tolerance, cooperation, respect for diversity.

Example:

  • Studying social reformers like Sree Narayana Guru and Gandhi.

  • Lessons on communal harmony and social equality.

Result: 

Builds ethical and socially responsible individuals.


7. Harmony between Individual and Society

Curriculum helps individuals adjust and contribute positively to society.

In Social Science:
Shows how personal actions affect society and environment.

Example:

  • Learning about civic duties like obeying laws and voting.

  • Understanding environmental responsibility through climate studies.

Result: 

Creates socially conscious and cooperative citizens.


8. Creation of a Suitable Environment

Curriculum shapes a learning environment that supports growth and learning.

In Social Science:
Encourages a safe, inclusive, participatory, and value-based classroom.

Example:

  • Group work fosters cooperation.

  • Inclusive content respects gender, caste, and cultural diversity.

Result: 

Builds a positive and democratic school culture.




Function                                                   Social Science Role

Synthesis of subject & life                     Connects learning with real social life

Knowledge acquisition                             Builds understanding of society and world

Complete development                             Develops thinking, values, empathy

Democratic values                                     Promotes equality, rights, participation

Satisfaction of needs                                     Prepares students for life and careers

Realization of values                                     Builds moral and social responsibility

Harmony with society                               Helps students become socially adjusted

Suitable environment                                    Creates inclusive and active classrooms






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