EMMANUEL SOCIAL SCIENCE

  Instructional Module An instructional module is a self-contained, structured learning package designed to help learners achieve specific learning objectives independently or with minimal teacher guidance. It contains learning content, activities, instructions, assessment, and feedback arranged systematically. Definition An instructional module is a systematically organized, self-instructional learning unit designed to achieve specific educational objectives through structured content, activities, and assessment. Personality Behind It The concept of instructional modules is influenced by: B.F. Skinner – programmed learning Robert Gagné – conditions of learning Benjamin Bloom – mastery learning Jerome Bruner – discovery learning These theorists emphasized structured learning, sequencing, feedback, and learner autonomy. Characteristics of Instructional Modules Self-Instructional – Can be learned independently Objective-Based – Clearly stated learning ...

 Computer Managed Instruction (CMI) Computer Managed Instruction refers to the use of computers to plan, organize, monitor, and evaluate the learning process , rather than directly teaching content. It supports administrative and instructional management activities like record keeping, assessment, reporting, scheduling, and learner tracking. Definition Computer Managed Instruction (CMI) is an educational system in which computers are used to manage, monitor, and evaluate instruction and learner performance. Characteristics of Computer Managed Instruction (CMI) Computer Managed Instruction (CMI) refers to the use of computers and digital systems to organize, monitor, record, and manage the teaching–learning process , rather than directly delivering instruction like CAI. 1. Focus on Management Rather Than Teaching The most defining feature of CMI is that the computer does not primarily teach ; instead, it: Keeps track of student progress Stores academic records Manage...

  Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) Computer Assisted Instruction refers to the use of computers to directly support teaching and learning by presenting instructional content, practice exercises, simulations, tutorials, and feedback to learners. It is a form of self-instructional and interactive learning where the computer acts as a tutor, drill master, or simulator. Definition Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) is an instructional approach in which computers are used to deliver learning content, provide practice, give feedback, and facilitate learner interaction with the subject matter.   Characteristics of CAI Learner-Centred – The learner controls pace, sequence, and repetition. Interactive – Learners actively respond through clicks, typing, simulations, etc. Immediate Feedback – The system instantly informs learners whether their responses are correct. Multimedia Based – Uses text, audio, video, animation, and gra...

  Programmed Instruction Programmed Instruction is a self-instructional teaching method in which learning material is presented in small, logically sequenced steps (called frames) . The learner reads each step, responds to a question or task, and immediately receives feedback before moving to the next step. It is based on the principles of behaviorism and reinforcement, where learning is strengthened through immediate feedback. Definition Programmed instruction is a systematic method of teaching in which the learner is guided through a sequence of small steps with immediate feedback and self-paced progress. Key Features / Characteristics Content is broken into small units (frames) Learner actively responds at each step Immediate feedback is provided Learning is self-paced Learner progresses only after correct response Objectives are clearly stated It supports individual learning Types of Programmed Instruction 1. Linear Programming (Skinner) All learne...