MCQ Edu 14 Approaches

 MCQ

EDU 14

Theories of learning- Approaches.

• Behaviorist

• Cognitivist 

• Constructivist 

 Behaviorist Theory of Learning

1. Who is considered the founder of the behaviorist approach to learning?

    A) Jean Piaget

    B) B.F. Skinner

    C) Lev Vygotsky

    D) Albert Bandura  

   Answer: B

2. Which of the following best represents the core principle of behaviorism?

    A) Learning is a result of internal cognitive processes

    B) Learning is a change in behavior due to experience

    C) Learning occurs through social interaction

    D) Learning is a natural process that does not require external reinforcement  

   Answer: B

3. In classical conditioning, the process of associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus is called:

    A) Operant conditioning

    B) Reinforcement

    C) Acquisition

    D) Extinction  

   Answer: C

4. Who conducted the famous experiment involving dogs and classical conditioning?

    A) John Watson

    B) Ivan Pavlov

    C) Edward Thorndike

    D) B.F. Skinner  

   Answer: B

5. Operant conditioning involves learning through:

    A) Association of stimuli

    B) Consequences of behavior

    C) Cognitive processes

    D) Observation and imitation  

   Answer: B

6. Positive reinforcement in operant conditioning refers to:

    A) Removing an unpleasant stimulus

    B) Providing a reward to increase the likelihood of a behavior

    C) Ignoring the behavior

    D) Introducing a negative consequence  

   Answer: B

7. In operant conditioning, which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

    A) Giving a treat for good behavior

    B) Removing a chore after a child completes homework

    C) Introducing a punishment for misbehavior

    D) Ignoring unwanted behavior  

   Answer: B

8. Which of the following is a key criticism of the behaviorist approach to learning?

    A) It focuses too much on mental processes

    B) It ignores the role of external behavior

    C) It overlooks the role of internal cognitive processes

    D) It emphasizes innate abilities over learned behavior  

   Answer: C

9. The term "shaping" in behaviorism refers to:

    A) Gradually modifying behavior through reinforcement of successive approximations

    B) Punishing incorrect behavior

    C) Conditioning the same behavior repeatedly

    D) Ignoring undesired behaviors  

   Answer: A

10. Who is known for developing the theory of operant conditioning?

     A) John Watson

     B) Ivan Pavlov

     C) B.F. Skinner

     D) Albert Bandura  

    Answer: C

 Cognitivist Theory of Learning

11. Cognitivism primarily focuses on:

     A) Observable behaviors

     B) Internal mental processes

     C) Social interactions

     D) Biological factors  

    Answer: B

12. Which psychologist is most associated with the stages of cognitive development?

     A) Sigmund Freud

     B) Jean Piaget

     C) B.F. Skinner

     D) Jerome Bruner  

    Answer: B

13. According to Piaget, the ability to think logically about concrete events is characteristic of which stage?

     A) Sensorimotor

     B) Preoperational

     C) Concrete operational

     D) Formal operational  

    Answer: C

14. The process of adjusting schemas in response to new information is called:

     A) Assimilation

     B) Accommodation

     C) Equilibration

     D) Scaffolding  

    Answer: B

15. Which of the following is a key principle of cognitive load theory?

     A) All learning requires equal effort

     B) Working memory has a limited capacity

     C) Learning is purely a behavioral process

     D) Motivation is not important for learning  

    Answer: B

16. In cognitivism, "chunking" refers to:

     A) Breaking information into smaller, manageable units for easier processing

     B) Forgetting irrelevant information

     C) Overloading the cognitive system

     D) Repetition of learned material  

    Answer: A

17. Which cognitive theorist introduced the term of scaffolding?

     A) Jean Piaget

     B) Jerome Bruner

     C) Lev Vygotsky

     D) Albert Bandura  

    Answer: B

18. In Piaget's theory, which stage is characterized by the development of abstract and hypothetical thinking?

     A) Sensorimotor

     B) Preoperational

     C) Concrete operational

     D) Formal operational  

    Answer: D

19. According to cognitivism, learning is enhanced when:

     A) Information is presented repeatedly without context

     B) Learners actively process and relate new information to prior knowledge

     C) The learner passively receives information

     D) The learner is punished for mistakes  

    Answer: B

20. Which of the following best describes metacognition?

     A) Learning through reinforcement

     B) Thinking about one's own thinking processes

     C) Learning through observation

     D) Stimulus-response associations  

   Answer: B

 Constructivist Theory of Learning

21. Constructivism emphasizes that learning is:

     A) A passive process of absorbing information

     B) An active process of constructing knowledge based on experiences

     C) Determined solely by reinforcement

     D) Independent of social and cultural contexts  

    Answer: B

22. Who is a key proponent of social constructivism?

     A) B.F. Skinner

     B) Jean Piaget

     C) Lev Vygotsky

     D) John Watson  

    Answer: C

23. Vygotsky's concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) refers to:

     A) The range of tasks that a learner can perform independently

     B) The difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with guidance

     C) The learner's ability to memorize information

     D) The fixed level of a learner's ability  

    Answer: B

24. In constructivism, learning is most effective when:

     A) The teacher gives direct instructions

     B) Students actively engage in problem-solving and critical thinking

     C) Students memorize information

     D) The learning environment is rigid and controlled  

    Answer: B

25. Which of the following best describes the role of a teacher in a constructivist classroom?

    A) A passive observer

    B) A source of all knowledge

    C) A facilitator who guides and supports students' learning

    D) An authoritarian figure who controls all learning activities  

    Answer: C

26. In constructivist theory, which of the following is crucial for knowledge construction?

     A) Rote learning

     B) Memorization of facts

     C) Active participation and collaboration

     D) Strict teacher control  

    Answer: C

27. Which of the following statements is consistent with constructivist views on learning?

     A) Learning is a solitary activity

     B) Learners construct knowledge based on their interactions with the environment and others

     C) Knowledge is transferred directly from teacher to student

     D) The learner's role is passive  

    Answer: B

28. According to Vygotsky, learning and development are:

     A) Independent processes

     B) Separate and unrelated

     C) Socially and culturally mediated processes

     D) Driven solely by biological maturation  

    Answer: C

29. In a constructivist classroom, assessment is typically:

     A) Focused on standardized testing

     B) Based on memorization

     C) Continuous and integrated with the learning process

     D) Detached from the learning activities  

    Answer: C

30. Which of the following is an example of a constructivist learning activity?

     A) Listening to a lecture and taking notes

     B) Memorizing multiplication tables

     C) Engaging in a group project to solve a real-world problem

     D) Repeating the same exercise multiple times  

    Answer: C