EMMANUEL SOCIAL SCIENCE

Schools of psychology 1. Structuralism In the beginning the subject matter of mind and its processes were the part of biology as well as philosophy, but it was an independent discipline with the help of William Wundt. William Wundt (1832 – 1920) • Father of structuralism • Father of experimental psychology. • In 1879, he started the first psychological laboratory in Leipzing in Germany. • Wundt’s first systematic book of psychology – Physiological Psychology. • Four notable psychologists in this school were – Titchener, Weber, Fechner, Wundt. • The technique used to analyze mind – introspection . Important tenants of structuralism 1. Psychology is a science which studies the conscience experiences of mind. 2. The consciousness is made up of various mental elements such as sensation, images, affection etc. All these constitute conscious experience. 3. All our experiences are the combination of these mental elements. 4. The main objectives of psychology is to study an...

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Teaching - profession and service    Teaching- profession and service Teaching is both a profession and a service. As a profession , it requires specialized knowledge, skills, and training to effectively educate students. Teachers typically undergo formal education and continuous professional development to stay updated in their field. They are responsible for planning lessons, assessing student progress, and fostering a positive learning environment. As a service, teaching is fundamentally about helping others learn and grow. Teachers provide guidance, support, and mentorship to students, helping them develop academically, socially, and emotionally. They play a vital role in shaping the future generation and contributing to society by imparting knowledge, instilling values, and preparing students for the challenges of the world beyond the classroom. Teacher A teacher is an educator who facilitates learning and imparts knowled...

Bandura - Social Learning Theory In social learning theory Albert Bandura (1977) agrees with the behaviourist learning theories of classical conditioning and operant conditioning. However, he adds two important ideas: Mediating processes occur between stimuli & responses. Behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning. Observational Learning Children observe the people around them behaving in various ways. Individuals that are observed are called models. In society, children are surrounded by many influential models, such as parents within the family, characters on children’s TV, friends within their peer group and teachers at school.  Theses models provide examples of behavior to observe and imitate, e.g. masculine and feminine, pro and anti-social etc. Children pay attention to some of these people (models) and encode their behavior.  At a later time they may imitate (i.e. copy) the behavior they have observed. Fi...